Similarities and Differences in the Early Vs. Late 20th Century Europe free essay sample

Europe in the 20th century underwent many drastic changes, as to be expected over the course of 100 years. During that time, an industrial revolution took place, a feminist movement swept Europe, and new methods of government replaced the old ones. The political, social, and economic similarities and differences between the first half and the second half of the twentieth century in Europe occurred mostly in the areas of women’s roles, industrial technology, and the structure of the government. At the beginning of the 20th century, gender based roles were normal among middle class families all over Europe. Men were the main supporters for the family, working outside of the home and providing money and a home for the family. Women were to bear and raise children as well as tending to the needs of their husbands. As told by a woman living during the early 20th century, women were to â€Å"‘do anything which may please [her] husband, promote economy, or embellish [her] table,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Sandford). We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences in the Early Vs. Late 20th Century Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Women remained legally inferior, economically dependent, and largely defined by family and household roles,† (Spielvogel 422-423). When it came to education, â€Å"the education of women should, of course, be strictly feminine,† (Sandford). School for women was compared to â€Å"sipping like butterflies at every flower† (Sandford). Education was seen as unnecessary to women since they would never use it. For men, it was different though. They still had to go to school and learn logic from Aristotle, science from Newton, and history from Thucydides and Livy. It was expected for boys to attend school to get a good education. These roles were accepted socially and would not change until later in the century. The second half of the 20th century was greatly different from the first half in terms of women. Women had more roles in the second half, and had greater access to education. Women were having less children on average and the population remained the same. This led to a bigger market for women to work in, including law, medicine, government, and education jobs. But just like the first half, women were forced to work for lower wages and received less opportunities. During the 70’s and 80’s, a women’s movement swept across Europe. Women sought more power over their bodies. Women came in the hundreds of thousands to demonstrate for laws for contraception and abortion. Since women were becoming more active in government, some actively began to take part in government. Margaret Thatcher shows very well how the ideals and roles of women changed over the course of the 20th century. Margaret Thatcher is best known for being the first and only woman to rule as prime minister of Britain as well as being the longest ruling prime minister. She broke through the previous names of women even being nicknamed â€Å"The Iron Lady† (Spielvogel 541). If Margaret had lived just 50 years earlier, she would not have had the same authority and chances to rule. This is an example of major differences between the first and second half of the twentieth century in terms of womens rights and roles. The second half of the 20th century was a time of change especially in terms of the industrial growth. New forms of technology were being invented and improved. Huge improvements were made in the areas of war and technology. The atomic bomb was invented by American and European scientists. The revolutionary new invention of computers has proved to be useful. The industries of science and technology flourished so much during the second half of the 20th century, some people worried about the effects that the technology production had on earth’s resources (Schumacher). In the beginning of the 20th century, the government in Russia was overly organized and Tsarist. The population of Russia was dramatically increasing, but the production of food was not increasing at the same rate as the population growth, leading to major food shortages. The people of Russia were very unhappy with the Tsar and there were many riots protesting their government due to the food shortages and Russia’s failed involvement in the First World War. On top of these problems, Russia was faced with a huge loss in life from the war, further upsetting the people of Russia. Many riots and demonstrations were held to protest the Tsar’s refusal to drop out of the war. This was a period of chaos and turmoil. Tsar Nicholas II was finally forced to abdicate in February of 1917 because he was disliked by most of Russia at the time. This was clearly a stage of despair and anger towards the government. After the Tsar resigned, the Duma took control. The Duma was the legislative body of Russia and they set up a provisional government whose goals were to restore the tsar and maintain order within society. Instead of focusing on problems within the country, the Duma’s main concerns were with the war. This resulted in an eruption of utter disarray of the people. Subsequently, the people lost all hope in the government and began to refuse all types of government. Society was in a free-for-all and theft was a major problem. â€Å"Apartments [emptied] themselves automatically of their objects of value† (Naudeau). All of these events led to total chaos in Russia with everyone in disbelief of the government. With all the chaos of the first half of the 20th century, a power was needed to assemble and organize Russia in the second half. A new thinking was brought by Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He launched a political movement called Perestroika to restructure the Communist Party. The purpose of Perestroika was to take the previous ideals of Leninism and combine them with Communism (Gorbachev). The previous dictatorship of over 70 years was ended by Gorbachev and the Communist Party began to gain more power (Mikhail). Just after Gorbachev was chosen as the Communist Party general secretary, he started to become immensely popular all around the world. Different from the Duma, Gorbachev had a new policy thats main purpose was to end the Afghan war. Gorbachev’s willingness to moderate the military shows how different the ruled from the previous ways of government. Gorbachev later began to reform political policies that had been in place since 1917, when the Duma was established. These policies included how leaders would be elected and removed the special status that Communist officials had over non-Communist officials. The monopoly that was willingly taken away from the Communists further separated the second half from the first half of the century politically. On the contrary, Gorbachev began to show similar qualities to the Tsar and the Duma. The industrial and agricultural output began to decline and the people became upset with the government. To deal with it, Gorbachev started to move towards a private ownership and system of farming. Since the people were no longer under heavy control, groups such as the Christian Armenians and the Moslem Azerbaijanis engaged in war between each other due to their rivalries (Mikhail). It is clear that there were differences between the Duma in the first half of the century, and Gorbachev in the second half, but similarities can also be seen between the two methods of ruling. Therefore, the political, social, and economic similarities and differences between the first half and the second half of the twentieth century in Europe occurred mostly in the areas of women’s roles, as shown through Margaret Thatcher, industrial technology, displayed in major inventions, and the structure of the government seen in Russia.

Qingming Festival Essays

Qingming Festival Essays Qingming Festival Essay Qingming Festival Essay Qingming Festival, also known as Pure Brightness Festival, which falls on either April 4th or 5th of the solar calendar (one of the Chinese Twenty-four Solar Terms). From that day temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, indicating that it is crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring. Qingming Festival therefore has a close relationship with agriculture. However, it is not only a seasonal symbol; it is also a festival of paying respect of the dead, a spring outing, and other activities. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qingming is a major Chinese festival. Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities, among which the main ones are tomb sweeping, taking a spring outing, and flying kites. Some other lost customs like wearing willow branches on the head and riding on swings have added infinite joy in past days. The festival is a combination of sadness and happiness. Tomb sweeping is regarded as the most important custom in the Qingming Festival from which the name of Tomb-sweeping day is got. Cleaning the tomb and paying respect to the dead person with offerings are the two important parts of remembering the past relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care of the dead. The dead person’s favorite food and wine are taken to sacrifice to them, along with paper resembling money. This is all burned in the hoped that the deceased are not lacking food and money. Kowtow before the tablets set up for the dead are made. Today, with cremation taking over from burying, the custom has been extremely simplified in cities. Only flowers are presented to the dead relatives and revolutionary martyrs. No matter how respect is shown, good prayers for the deceased are expressed. Not only it is a day for commemorating the dead, it is also a festival for people to enjoy themselves. During March, everything in nature takes on a new look, as trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly. Nature unfolds her beauty in shapes, colors sounds, dynamic pictures, stills, scents, obscure mists and clouds. It is a fine time to go out and to appreciate the beautiful scenes of nature during the festival. This custom can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and followed by each dynasty later till today. So visitors can be seen everywhere during the month of the festival. Spring outings not only add joy to life but also promote a healthy body and mind. Flying kites is an activity favored by many people during the Qingming Festival. Kites are not only flown during the day time but also in the evening. Little lanterns are tied to the kite or to the string that holds the kite. And when the kite is flying in the sky, the lanterns look like twinkling stars that add unique scenery to the sky during the night. What makes flying kites during this festival special is that people cut the string while the kite is in the sky to let it fly free. It is said this brings good luck and that diseases can be eliminated by doing this. All in all, the Qingming Festival is an occasion of unique characteristics, integrating sorrowful tears to the dead with the continuous laughter from the spring outing.

Giant Short-Faced Bear Bread Profile

Giant Short-Faced Bear Bread Profile Name: Giant Short-Faced Bear; also known as Arctodus simus Habitat: Mountains and woodlands of North America Historical Period: Pleistocene-Modern (800,000-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 13 feet long and one ton Diet: Mostly carnivorous; possibly supplemented its diet with plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long legs; blunt face and snout About the Giant Short-Faced Bear (Arctodus simus) Although its often described as the largest bear that ever lived, the Giant Short-Faced Bear (Arctodus simus) didnt quite measure up to either the modern Polar Bear or to its southern counterpart, Arctotherium. But its hard to imagine the average megafauna mammal (or early human) worrying whether it was about to be eaten by a 2,000- or a 3,000-pound behemoth. Simply put, the Giant Short-Faced Bear was one of the scariest predators of the Pleistocene epoch, full-grown adults rearing up to heights of 11 to 13 feet and capable of running at top speeds of 30 to 40 miles per hour. The main thing that distinguished Arctodus simus from that other famous ursine of the Pleistocene epoch, the Cave Bear, is that the Giant Short-Faced Bear was slightly bigger, and subsisted mostly on meat (the Cave Bear, despite its fierce reputation, being a strict vegetarian). Because nearly as many fossil specimens dont represent the Giant Short-Faced Bear as the Cave Bear, theres still a lot we dont understand about its everyday life. In particular, paleontologists still debate this bears hunting style and its choice of prey: with its presumed speed, the Giant Short-Faced Bear may have been capable of running down the small prehistoric horses of North America, but it doesnt seem to have been robustly built enough to tackle larger prey. One theory is that Arctodus simus was essentially a loafer, popping up suddenly after another predator had already hunted and killed its prey, driving the smaller meat-eater away, and digging in for a tasty (and unearned) meal, much like a modern African hyena. Although it ranged across the expanse of North America, Arctodus simus was particularly plentiful in the western part of the continent, from Alaska and the Yukon Territory down to the Pacific coast as far as Mexico. (A second Arctodus species, the smaller A. pristinus, was restricted to the southern part of North America, the fossil specimens of this lesser-known bear being discovered as far afield as Texas, Mexico, and Florida.)Â  Contemporaneous with Arctodus simus, there was also a related genus of short-faced bear native to South America, Arctotherium, the males of which may have weighed as much as 3,000 poundsthus earning the South American Giant-Short Faced Bear the coveted title of Biggest Bear Ever.

Common law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Common law - Essay Example ......................................8 5- Vicarious Liability...................................................................................................................9 6- Occupiers Liability................................................................................................................10 7- Strict Liability........................................................................................................................12 8- Negligence and Vicarious Liability.......................................................................................13 9- Bibliography.........................................................................................................................15 Total words: 3725. Task 1: 1-a: Formation of a contract This question is about contract, the problem in this question requires a discussion of offer, invitation to treat, counter-offer, acceptance and in particular the postal rule. Each of these elements will be discussed i n turn and an evaluation of the facts would be made thereafter. Contracts and its formation and giving legal effect to them is a matter which has been scrutinized critically by case law and statutes. The contract being formed is dependent upon an offer, which in turn requires an acceptance upon the conclusion of which question of consideration is concerned (Mackendrick, 2009). As per Professor Atiyah, the issue of offer and acceptance has been determined by courts in two ways, that is ‘reason forwards’ and ‘reason backwards’, the former is where existence of offer and acceptance are determined first and then the conclusion on the dispute is made; the latter is where the courts can reason from the appropriate solution back to the legal concepts of offer and acceptance (Atiyah et al, 2006). Offer has been defined as an intent of readiness on the part of one party who is called an offeror, so as to be bound by the terms that he states, subject to the fact that such an offer is accepted by the offeree (the person to whom the offer is made) unconcditionally. There has been a distinction drawn between an invitation to treat and offer and the former is said to be intent of readiness of a party so as to start negotiations and is therefore not unconditional (Fisher v Bell)1. The two main cases in this respect are Gibson v Manchester City Council2 and Storer v Manchester City Council3. In Gibson, the treasurer issued a letter to G whereby it was stated that the Council may sell the house to him, was construed to be an invitation to treat, this was affirmed by the situation that G was requested to have a formal application for purchase to be made.. The approach taken by the court was that they took the correspondence between the parties into consideration when determining the outcome. Contrary to that the courts, in Storer said there was a contract which was present as the matter had moved beyond the phase of negotiations. An offer should be dif ferentiated from a mere statement of price that is an enquiry as to the price (Harvey v. Facey)4 (Mackendrick, 2009). The courts have found advertisements to be an invitation to treat (Partridge v Crittenden)5, however, interpretation of courts has led to certain exceptions and the reasons cited for it are the intention to be bound and certainty (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.)6. Display of goods in shops are generally held to be invitation to treat (Fisher v. Bell) (Furmston et al. 2007). In respect of Doris placing the vase on her shop it would be held to be an invitat

Black Goldcoffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black Goldcoffee - Essay Example Retail sales from coffee have increased to $80 billion. While many big companies are enjoying the benefit of this profit, many of the coffee farmers in Ethiopia prostrate to poverty, no clean water to drink, can’t send their children to school, and can’t even afford to buy a pair of shoes despite of the fact that Ethiopia is Africa’s top Arabica coffee exporter and known to be the origins of most coffee. This is simply because of the unfair trade of coffee between the developing countries and the first world. The coffee farmers only receive the amount of 3 cents per kilo from their coffee products, not getting a fair reward from their hard work. Their coffee products will go to a series of trading wherein various middlemen will participate to the trading. Many of the middlemen composed of the coffee collectors, coffee suppliers, and coffee exporters do the bidding of these coffee products. Each multi-national companies like Nestle, Proctor and Gamble, Kraft, and Sara Lee has a representative in the trading. The 2 auction price is mainly based on New York ‘C’ market and they are the one who regulate the price of the coffee in the International Market, which means that if the price of the coffee in New York market is 5 cents per kilo, then the price for the coffee will be 5 cents per kilo. From the middlemen, after placing their bids, the coffee product will be sold to coffee exporters and the exporters will then sell the coffee product to the roasters after which will be purchased by the retailers/cafes before it goes to the consumers. The coffee farmers would have benefited more from their product if their product will be directly bought to them by these retailers. The issue on passing of product from one supplier to another made their product poorly priced. And despite they are one of the top coffee producing country in the world, Ethiopia remain to be one of the poorest country being dependent on the foreign aid. Because of t heir desperation to live, these coffee farmers of Ethiopia had diverted to planting chat (narcotic plant) which grows twice a year in their land instead of coffee tree which needs 5 years of nurturing to produce fine beans. For every 30 branches of chat they sell, they are earning $4, incomparable amount than selling coffee beans. Another issue is the unfair trade of Ethiopian coffee and other products of the developing countries. In the documentary, the World Trade Organization has set rules for global trade wherein all participating trader will get their fair trade. However, the rule set by WTO for global trade was believed to be ‘manipulated’ by ‘few’ people and the fair trade issue that supposed to be resolved remained to be unsettled. Ethiopia being one of the poorest countries doesn’t receive subsidiaries. And 3 because of this issue no one can protect or supplement the income of farmers and so, the coffee farmers remained to be poor. Infrastru ctures like schools are also neglected. Classrooms have no quality blackboards to write on and no enough chairs for the students. In an article about the review on â€Å"Black Gold† many government and international bodies have ‘awakened’ to this documentary about the crisis in coffee trade. Trade policies and

Big Man on Campus Essay Example for Free

Big Man on Campus Essay Without the philanthropic mind and the kindness of Leigh Anne and her husband, Sean, Michael Oher would have remained a timid dejected soul in an American ghetto. But it was not to be, as this huge child with a gentle soul, would be patiently coached to open up and in the ultimate process, astound not his community, but even rose to national fame. After a mere first practice in football, coaches came in platoons to offer him scholarships, with one of them labeling him the best in the nation† to which USA Today agreed. It took Leigh Anne’s legendary patience to cajole him to open up, and anyone would have easily given up—in the face of the tenacity with which the insecure big young boy evaded probing basic questions. The big boy feared even just showing anyone he was in pain, although he could cry like a child. I shall not delve on the story which everyone read. (Lewis: 3 online version) Surname 2 My piece will instead focus on Leigh Anne’s efforts to re-build the insecure, young, and athletically- endowed character, and in her effort to recover the boy’s trust in himself and society. Leigh Anne was a revelation to me on what educators ought to be to their students. An educator ideally should not give up too soon on exceptional cases of strange behavior or academic neglect. There could be deeper reasons why individuals act strange or in a manner that no one can immediately understand. Indeed Leigh Anne’s patience in monitoring Michel’s background, motivations, and psychological frame up was a model for the ideal or ultimate teacher. Leigh Anne also showed deep particular interest on behavioral motivations. An ordinary reaction to aberrant behavior could be acceptance of it as a given. Instead, Leigh Anne was motivated by a desire to learn the roots of the behavior and help â€Å"Big Michael† overcome it. Leigh Anne was not a cold psychology specialist treating a patient. She was a human being caring for another human being. Hers is an example even for psychologists. A discipline must humanize: it ought not to lose its human dimension. Educators cannot always end up like Leigh Anne who went all the way to adopt Michael, who found a family in her home. But the desire to build lives is the essence of what an educator should aspire for every student entrusted to him. Surname 3 Sean and Leigh Anne Tuohy jointly probed and observed Michael’s every revelation of his past, or any bit of information that could lead them to understand the bigboy. They were rewarded not just with the revelation of his childlike character, but with having a new family member they loved like a son. As Leigh Anne put it, I loved him as if I birthed him. † (Lewis:4 online version). Work Cited Lewis, Michael. Big Man on Campus From the Readers Digest . Retrieved Dec. 15,2008 from: http://www. rd. com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/big-man-on-campus/article30250-3. html

sterphen spielberg :: essays research papers fc

Stephen Spielberg has directed some of the most popular, and highest grossing, movies of all time. He has directed six of the top 25 highest grossing movies of all time, and is clearly one of the most notable directors of our day. Stephen Spielberg was born on December 18th, 1947 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Stephen's family moved around a lot, and Stephen had troubles fitting in at school. His peers constantly picked him on for his physical weakness and his ethnic background. Stephen is Jewish, and in his childhood he attended predominately non-Jewish schools. (Reed/Cunneff 139) His father Arnold was a computer engineer, and his mother Leah was a restaurateur. Stephen was a practical joker, who constantly played tricks on his sisters. Stephen found his best mode of expression however, through an old eight-millimeter camera that he had found in his garage. Spielberg focused all of his time and effort into this new form of expression he had found, even at the expense of other things in his l ife. In an article in Time magazine Spielberg said, "From age twelve or thirteen I knew I wanted to be a movie director, and I didn't think that science or math or foreign languages were going to help me turn out the little 8-mm sagas I was making to avoid homework. "(Contemporary Authors 3) Movies were also helping Stephen to escape his family life, where at home things were bad with his parents, and when Stephen was twelve years old his parents got divorced. This only helped to clarify Stephen's love of film. After he completed high school, Spielberg was well on his way to becoming a director. He had already won student awards for some of his short films, and one of them, a movie called Firelight, had actually been shown in a local movie theatre. As a young high school graduate, Spielberg would often take tours to Universal Studios, and then sneak off for hours to tour the lot by himself. He did this almost every day after graduating from high school. (Contemporary Authors 3) At age twenty Spielberg was signed to a seven-year contract with Universal television after an executive of the company saw some of his films. Under this contract, Spielberg would direct Duel, his first TV movie, and his first movie to gain widespread critical attention. The TV film was even released as a feature film in some countries.

Understand Procedures For Res

Also it would put my colleagues at risk of becoming ill so more staff would be off work and they in turn would be taking the illness back to their homes thereby spreading the bug even further. So by making sure hands are thoroughly washed after aiding each service user, wearing the appropriate aprons gloves mask etc I can help prevent spreading any by germs and bugs and by keeping good hygiene I will help keep myself healthy and if I was to become ill to make sure I did not go back to work until I was given the all clear by doing this I will help to keep the service users, work colleagues family and friends from catching any germs. . 3 Explain the most thorough method for hand washing. . Wet hands with hot water. . Apply enough soap and handsaws to cover all hands surfaces.. Rub hands palm alma. . Right palm or the other hand with interlaced fingers and vicar versa.. Palm to palm interlaced. . Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked.. Rotational rubbing of left th umb clasped in right palm and vice versa.. Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa.. Rinse hands with warm water. . Dry thoroughly with towel. Duration of procedure at least 15 seconds. 4. Describe when to use different types of personal protective equipment. . Gloves= when aiding each service user to help prevent the spread of any germs.. Asks= To cover mouth and nose when dealing with the service user who may be ill or have a contagious bug, So I will not catch or help spread the bug.. Goggles= A shield against body fluids, blood, faces, urine. This helps to stop these fluids from getting injured or contaminated.. Aprons= When aiding a service user with washing or personal care, I will keep my clothes clean and I can dispose of apron afterwards so will stop any spread of infection..Shoe covers= If a service user has a contagious so my shoes will not spread any germs through the home. Outcome 5 know how to move and h andle equipment and other objects safely. . 1 Identify legislation that relates to moving and handling. Manual handling operations regulations (MOOR) 1992 amended 1998 Provision and use of work equipment regulations 1992 (POWER) Lifting operations and lifting equipment regulations 1998 (LOWER) 5. 2 List principles for safe moving and handling 1. Plan the move and prepare the environment. 2. Starting position. 3. Lifting effort. 4. Completing the move. Ensure that the object is light enough to lift, is stable and unlikely to shift or move.. Heavy or awkward loads should be moved using a handling aid.. Make sure the route s clear of obstructions. . Stand as close to the load as possible, and spread your feet to shoulder width.. Bend your knees and try and keep the backs natural upright posture.. Grasp the load firmly as close to the body as you can. . Use the legs to lift the load in a smooth motion as this offers more leverage reducing the strain on your back.. Carry the load close t o the body with elbows tucked into the body..Avoid twisting the body as much as possible by turning your feet to position yourself with the load. 5. 3 Explain why it is important for moving and handling tasks to be carried out allowing specialist training. By having the correct training I can lift safely and know how to use the correct equipment for the Job intended and know how and when to use it. By also attending the courses and training my employers are meeting the health and safety regulations to make myself and other staff safe and also the service user is safe during the transfer.If I had not been trained correctly and got injured through lack of training they could be accountable , also they would be putting the service user at risk if I did not know how to assist them correctly. So by having the erect training every body is safe and also we are meeting the policy and procedures of the home. Outcome 6 Understand the principles of assisting and moving an individual. 6. 1 Expl ain why it is important to have specialist training before assisting and moving individual. By having specialist training I can move or assist the service user safely.Also by having the correct training I can use the correct equipment safely needed to assist myself and the service user to be able to move, If I did not have specialist training I could not assist the service user safely and I would not know how o use the equipment correctly or safely. As I will be trained how to fit the equipment trained so I will know how to lift correctly so I will not injure myself, and I will not put the service user at risk. 6. 2 Explain the importance of following an individuals care plan and fully engaging with them when assisting and moving.By reading an individual ‘s care plan I will know the mobility and capabilities of the service user, also what equipment is needed to assist the service user. When I need to assist the service user by talking to the service user and engaging them in t he whole process hey will feel confident about the procedure and in control as the service user will be able to tell me if they are comfortable, and if they are ready to start the movement process, thereby the service user will stay calm and relaxed and in control making the whole process calm and easy for all involved. Outcome 7 know how to handle hazardous substances. . 1 Identify hazardous substances that may be found in the social care settings. 1 Urine 2 Blood 3 Vomit 4 faces 5 cleaning chemicals bleach, sprays, carpet cleaning chemicals. 6 medications 7. 2 Describe safe practices for: Storing hazardous substances= Cleaning chemicals are to be kept in a locked cupboard. Medication can be harmful so these are kept in a medicine cabinet with only authorized personal to have the keys, other medication that needs to be refrigerated will also only be accessed by relevant personnel. Make sure no chemicals are left out unattended if in use.Using hazardous substances= When using hazard ous substances like cleaning fluids, wear the appropriate equipment ‘e: gloves, masks, goggles,and aprons, this will help from getting splash back and stop chemicals getting clothes, skin or in the eyes, this will also apply when aiding a arrive user with their personal care so the career will not get contaminated by urine, vomit, faces, they will keep clean when aiding the service user in washing, dressing, or personal care, the career can on finishing take off the gloves and apron etc and dispose of them safely and therefore prevent any cross contamination or spreading of germs whilst keeping themselves clean. Disposing of hazardous substances; .Sharps- When using a needle make sure you have a sharps box so the needle can be disposed of safely and the nurse/career does not risk the chance of scratching or rocking themselves by carrying the needle around trying to find a sharps box. Make sure it is kept closed when not in use, also to make sure it is not over filled, and when it reaches the full limit that it is taken away and disposed of correctly.. Clinical waste- Pads or soiled clothes or soiled bed linen need to be disposed of safely to prevent cross contamination. Pads need to go into a yellow bag and disposed off in the clinical waste bin this is collected by a company that deals with clinical waste. Load or faces this can be put into a washing machine on a high temperature and after the wash the bag is disposed off safely thereby the soiled linen does not have to be touched by staff or contaminate the other laundry. .Medication- Medication that has been refused or no longer needed must be documented and disposed of in the correct manner ‘e: deposited in a container and sent back to the pharmacy to dispose of correctly. Outcome 8 know environmental safety procedures in the social care setting 8. 1 Outline procedures to be followed in the social care setting to prevent; . Fire= You can prevent fire by first identifying hazards and who could b e at risk. Evaluate them ND take action to reduce them. Record findings and actions and develop a plan.

Human Resources Management Essay

The present state of recession in the IT Industry – as a Human Resource Manager how are you going to undertake Human Resource Planning at Macro Level to tide over this crisis? Human capital formation is acknowledged as one of the most potent sources in contributing directly and significantly to economic growth. As a result even the objectives of economic planning and priorities thereof, began to be shifted away from purely growth oriented development strategies to those that recognize and partly remedy the past neglect of such social sectors like population, planning, health, education, housing, social security and other social services. The objectives of HRP at macro level are to ensure that the organisation: a) Obtains and retains the quality and quantity of human resources it needs at the right time and place; and b) Makes optimal utilisation of these resources. Human resource planning is the formal process of linking organizational strategy with human resource practices. It is about perceiving organizational practices as a whole and not piecemeal. In a competitive climate, organizations need to use models and approaches that secure ‘uniqueness’ of operations along with enhancing ‘organizational capability’. Today, the world is going through, a global economic turmoil. This recession affects almost all the fields especially IT field. To overcome the adverse effect of the economic slowdown, we should plan an effective human resource policy at macro level. Human resource plan is designed to pay attention to shaping the priorities of the H R function than on supporting activities relating to the organization’s functioning as a whole. The economic crisis of 2008/2009 has touched every industry and profession,  radically altering the hiring landscape. Major layoffs, rising unemployment, and lowered profits have reshaped the way workers are hired and fired, and dramatically highlighted the need to rethink workforce planning. Now, the question lingering over the heads of business leaders everywhere is: What will the successful post-recession business look like? Here, we wanted to find out how what steps they are taking in response to the crisis, how their priorities and practices have changed, and what they predict the HR landscape will look like as the economy recovers. This study is focus on the following objectives: 1.How HR Processes got affected by Recession? 2. What was the Reactions of Recession? 3. What HR steps Companies are taking to prepare for Recovery from Recession? 4. What are the Envision on post-recovery staffing model? 5. What are the Roles of Temporary Workforce? 6. What are Managed Serviced Program & its Benefit? First let us brief about Recession. A recession is a contraction phase of the business cycle where significant decline in economic activity lasts more than a few months, which is normally visible in real GDP real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. The current economic recession has hardly spared any country on earth. Rich countries like USA, UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, and Canada almost all the rich countries have got badly hurt from the recession. So, there is no reason to be surprised to know that Indian economy is also getting hurt from the global economic recession. As a Human resource manager planning is one of the most important sources in contributing the economic growth. To overcome from the recession in IT industry I would like to retain and obtain pure quality of human resources all ways at the right time and at the right place. I ensure that all the resources are utilized properly .I as a human resource manager responsible  for corporate plan along with organizations purpose as the top most priority. The KRA at macro level are: 1- Determine the requirement level in the organization keeping recession in mind. 2- To get the best from the resources available within the organization. 3- Assist productivity bargaining. 4- Evaluate cost of man power in any upcoming new projects coming. 5- Analyze the cost of all the overhead and value associated with it with the function 6- Need to decide whether certain activities need to be sub contracted. 7- Need to provide best training in order to retain talent. 8- Anticipate redundancies. 9- Need to forecast future requirement. 10- Serve as a basis of management development programme The human resource planning is one of the most crucial, complex and continuing managerial function. It is a multi step function with various issues. The issue which needed to cater first are 1- Deciding objective and goal.2- Estimating future organizational structure ,3- Auditing human resources,4-Planning job requirement and job description.5- development of human resource plan. In the recession time in the IT industry it is very important to relate future human resources to future enterprise need so that the return on investment on human gets maximized. The company’s human resources mamager is as much an advocate for the organization as it is for the employees. The responsibility to serve the interests and needs of both can be challenging, especially during a recession when it could difficult to sustain both the company and its workforce. The HR issues during a recession demand an even greater commitment to achieving stability for the company and assuring employees that they won’t endure the harsh effects of a recession. Strategy Strategic direction is an ongoing discussion between HR and company’s  leadership. During a recession, HR Manager’s involvement in developing the company’s strategy should be a priority. Workforce planning, compensation structure and employee satisfaction aren’t just HR goals — they’re organizational goals because the workforce is company’s most valuable resource. Sustaining company’s operations and its profitability largely depends on employee productivity. The communication between HR Manager and the company’s leadership should be candid, frequent and must include communication with employees about the company’s direction. Company Status If the company is recession-proof, meaning it provides necessary products or services, the role of HR manager is to remind employees that the company is forging ahead despite an economic meltdown. As the saying goes, the only sure things in life are death and taxes; therefore, the most recession-proof businesses are likely mortuaries and accounting firms. On the other hand, if the company will be affected by a recession, HR manager’s role is to assist company leaders in describing the business strategy for staying afloat and keeping employees apprised of the company’s status and direction. Employee Communication The employee turnover during a recession could be minimal simply because companies that aren’t recession-proof are closing, which means there are fewer job market opportunities. Leaving a job with a company that is surviving the recession for another one that might not survive could be a bad decision. Therefore, HR’s primary job includes communicating with employees about the company’s status, what it’s doing to be profitable and what it needs the employees to do to ensure the company’s survival. This conveys two important messages. It says you care enough about your workforce to keep them informed and you value their contributions in helping the company make it through the recession. Job Security If I am in a position where I need to hire additional staff, ensure that I am not making any cuts to current employees’ wages. That is likely to make employees wonder if their livelihood is a priority or if the company places more value on input from outsiders. Provide training for employees to take on new responsibilities instead of recruiting an external candidate to do the job. Effective crisis management doesn’t mean eliminating training for employees, according to The Boston Consulting Group 2009 survey of HR measures. In fact, the joint survey conducted with the European Association for People Management revealed that more than 30 percent of the companies that scaled back training — individual and special training — was less effective and demonstrated lower commitment levels during a crisis, such as a recession. Training also conveys the important message that you’re investing in your existing staff, training them to work cross-functionally an d thereby preparing them for continued employment in case their current jobs are eliminated because of the recession. Layoffs If HR must lay off workers, establish a communication strategy that gives employees plenty of notice before the actual layoff. Consult the U.S. Department of Labor Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, WARN, to determine if you meet the criteria for complying with WARN regulations. Ease the blow of unemployment by scheduling the layoff so it doesn’t coincide untimely with periods such as the year-end holiday season. HR should offer outplacement services to employees who are forced to seek employment elsewhere. Outplacement services can range from career counseling sessions with experts to resume-writing services or time off from work for interviews. Compensation and Benefits HR might not be able to guarantee that employees will get year-end bonuses or even a wage increase, but HR can help employees figure out ways to increase their take-home pay. When employees have questions about their wages, tax withholding and liability or the cost of benefits, such as health insurance premiums and retirement savings ensure the company can provide answers. An HR benefits specialist can guide employees through the decision-making process by advising them to cut back on, say, charitable contributions that are being deducted from their net pay. The benefits specialist also can  refer employees to resources for managing their finances, such as an employee-assistance program. Summary HR managers reported opting for a wide range of practices to respond to the severe pressures presented by the recession. These practices range from changes to pay and pensions, staffing and HR systems, to changes in working time arrangements. While pay freezes for some or all employees were common, pay cuts too operated in a substantial number of firms. Other pay-related measures adopted include lower pay or salary scales for new entrants, bonus cuts and changes in pension arrangements. In terms of headcount and staffing arrangements, changes were also pronounced in that most firms in the survey experienced redundancy (compulsory and voluntary) for some employees. Freezes on recruitment were also commonly instituted. The effects of the recession on a wide range of business and the subsequent pressures experienced by HR managers, was examined next in chapter four. The HR managers present at the focus groups outlined in detail the ways in which they were required to cut and control employee costs in response to deep and acute commercial pressures. Where participants had been taken up for much of the previous boom years with recruiting and retaining staff, the main hub of activity now for most of the participants was on finding ways to control and reduce pay and headcount. Relative to the difficulties of doing this, other areas of HR practice received less attention, although some firms reported continued recruitment efforts for specific positions or new skills sets. Some firms also took measures such as selective pay rises or promotions to retain valued staff. Others operated formal talent management programmes, though these generally predated the recession. Staff redeployment was presented as a routine measure in responding to the recession in non-union firms, but appeared to be more problematic in unionized firms, where it sometimes cut acros s agreements with unions or lines of demarcation between different jobs.

American Accent Training by Ann Cook

American Accent Training by Ann Cook American Accent Training by Ann Cook and published by Barrons provides a self-study course that is sure to improve any advanced level students pronunciation. This course includes a course book and five audio CDs. The book includes all the exercises, quiz material and reference material that are found on the audio CDs. In this way, learners follow their course by reading, listening and repeating materials that are oral in nature, but also provided in print. The course takes what is termed a pure-sound approach to learning standard American pronunciation. To put it simply, this course focuses on learning the music of English as it spoken in the USA. The stress-timed nature of English is put emphasized with correct intonation, stress, and liaison used to develop natural sounding speech patterns. These speech patterns are then combined with a specific vowel and consonant patterns in a connected speech in exercises which lead to improved, natural American sounding, pronunciation. Here is a rough overview of how American Accent Training is developed: Introduction to American IntonationThis section helps the learner become aware of the music of English as it is spoken in America. Students learn about intonation and liaison.Refining your pronunciation - specific pronunciation problems including various vowel and consonant sounds.Nationality Guides - these guides help specific nationalities with particular problems arising from their linguistic background. The nationality guides include:ChineseJapaneseSpanishIndianRussianFrenchGermanKoreanPeriodic diagnostic analysis and continuing review and expansion throughout the package A Nice Extra Feature For those studying American Accent Training on their own, a toll-free telephone tutoring number or the website at americanaccent.com provides a referral to a qualified telephone analyst. The diagnostic analysis is designed to evaluate your speech patterns to let you know where your accent is standard and nonstandard. American Accent Training is a wonderful package that will surely help those who really want to improve their pronunciation. It is very thorough, and although presented in a light-hearted manner, American Accent Training presents a serious tool for advanced English speakers and ESL students determined to learn to speak with an American accent. I would highly recommend this package only to learners who live, or want to live, in the United States or Canada. Furthermore, learners should also be advanced level readers to be able to truly take advantage of all this package has to offer. If you are a casual English learner, or interested in English for taking holidays or communicating with other non-native speakers, this package is probably too extensive for you. However, if you DO want to sound like an American, then this package is sure to provide you with all the tools you need.

Basel Iii, Solvency Ii

It was first published in 2009 and will be start implement on 1 January 2013. To make sure the banks have sufficient capital, Basel III has some new regulatory on bank leverage and also its liquidity. Solvency II Solvency II is a basic review of adequacy of capital for the European insurance industry. It aims to revise a set of EU-wide capital requirements and risk management standards that will replace the current solvency requirements. For instance, most European insurers are obliged to implement the full Solvency II requirements by January 2013. As such, it will be a major driver for the development and embedding of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) for the insurance industry. Difference between Basel III and Basel I II Basel III varies from Basel I and Basel II. Basel I is create and used to strengthen the stability of global banking system while standardize capital requirement by using regulatory control. The weakness of Basel I is banks are expose to excessive risk because of the freedom in giving loan. Basel II develops from Basel I, it makes improvement on standardize the capital regulation and increase the risk management between the banks. Unlike Basel I, Basel II required banks to make analyze on the ability of corporate in pay back the loan before they decided to lending money out. Basel III replace for Basel II which the capital requirement is stricter, so that they can handle the capital fluctuate during financial crisis. Difference between Solvency I and Solvency II The difference between Solvency I and Solvency II is their fundamental based. Solvency II is principle based, whereas Solvency I is rule based. This means Solvency II knows less rules, instead of introduces principles which have to be adopted by the insurers, they all involved actions and decisions. They can no longer hide behind rules, nor is it easy to find holes in the law. Therefore, in order to process these principles into company will be tough therefore time is ticking since it is questionable when all is implemented sufficiently. While for the Solvency II is to protect customers from taking unacceptable risks. This is done by demanding insurers to manage their risks better and be transparent on their financial position and risk. Hence it shows more holistic approach in comparison to Solvency I. Who should comply to Basel III The Basel accords are a range of mutual agreements that are voluntarily given by various global banking authorities. The countries which have signed these agreements would have set it as a common standard. However, some countries which are not the member state may also implement these policies. Besides, in United States of America, the government set the Basel II as a mandatory standard for banks. The banks which have a higher-risk profiles are instead imposed higher and stricter standard under the same accords. Next, Basel III required banks must keep a minimum common equity of 7% of their assets and this percentage covers a capital conservation buffer of 2. %. The countries which have approved Basel III must impose and put the standard. Who should comply Solvency II Solvency II is needed for all the insurance companies and financial institution. Solvency II’s regulation will be control by the respective financial supervisor. Besides, the best practice for insurers is to embed qualitative and quantitative risk management throughout their organization. A process-based risk approach is the be st foundation for risk management of market, credit, liquidity, insurance and all operational risks. Solvency II regulates companies according to the risk inherent in the business. Every company must define that the risk profile is in line with the appropriate governance and risk management processes to meet this risk. Why Basel III is needed? Basel III is needed because it strengthens bank capital requirements by introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. It help the Bank directors to know the market liquidity conditions for major asset holdings and strengthen accountability for any major losses. Why Solvency II is needed? Solvency II is needed because it can supervise the insurance company and strengthen the power of group supervisor, in order to ensure the wide risks of the group are not overlooked. By having Solvency II, a greater cooperation between supervisors can be made. Besides, Solvency II plays an active role in the development in insurance, risk management, and financial reporting. Objective for Basel III There are three objective of Basel III. Firstly, Basel III enhance the ability of banking sectors in handle stress that arise during financial crisis and economic strain. Secondly, Basel III used to improve risk management and also its governance. Lastly, Basel III reinforces the transparency and exposure of the banks. Objective for Solvency II These are some objectives for Solvency II. Firstly, it improved consumer protection by standardized level of policyholder protection in EU. Secondly, Solvency II transfers compliance in supervise into making evaluation on insurers’ risk profiles and the quality of their risk management and also their controlling systems. Lastly, Solvency II used to raise the international competitiveness of EU insurers. What are the challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II? The challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II is there is a mutual relationship between the new capital and the liquidity rules for bank and insurance companies that set by Basel III and Solvency II. Besides that, Solvency II had changed the way of allocate the capital for insurance companies. In example, fair value will be calculated by the risk that insurer take on their investing activities. Solvency II also offered a privileged treatment to bond with short tenure. It impress stricter capital requirement for bond that determined by the investment’s maturity, and credit rating due to the volatility of investment. Lastly, there is an inverse relationship between Basel III and Solvency II. Basel III requires all the financial institution to establish more stable, long term source of funding. In example, Basel III require bank to place their funding in a more stable and long term investment, means they will issue more long term bond. While for the Solvency II, the regulation gives shorter preferential treatment to the bank bond. ? Basel Iii, Solvency Ii It was first published in 2009 and will be start implement on 1 January 2013. To make sure the banks have sufficient capital, Basel III has some new regulatory on bank leverage and also its liquidity. Solvency II Solvency II is a basic review of adequacy of capital for the European insurance industry. It aims to revise a set of EU-wide capital requirements and risk management standards that will replace the current solvency requirements. For instance, most European insurers are obliged to implement the full Solvency II requirements by January 2013. As such, it will be a major driver for the development and embedding of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) for the insurance industry. Difference between Basel III and Basel I II Basel III varies from Basel I and Basel II. Basel I is create and used to strengthen the stability of global banking system while standardize capital requirement by using regulatory control. The weakness of Basel I is banks are expose to excessive risk because of the freedom in giving loan. Basel II develops from Basel I, it makes improvement on standardize the capital regulation and increase the risk management between the banks. Unlike Basel I, Basel II required banks to make analyze on the ability of corporate in pay back the loan before they decided to lending money out. Basel III replace for Basel II which the capital requirement is stricter, so that they can handle the capital fluctuate during financial crisis. Difference between Solvency I and Solvency II The difference between Solvency I and Solvency II is their fundamental based. Solvency II is principle based, whereas Solvency I is rule based. This means Solvency II knows less rules, instead of introduces principles which have to be adopted by the insurers, they all involved actions and decisions. They can no longer hide behind rules, nor is it easy to find holes in the law. Therefore, in order to process these principles into company will be tough therefore time is ticking since it is questionable when all is implemented sufficiently. While for the Solvency II is to protect customers from taking unacceptable risks. This is done by demanding insurers to manage their risks better and be transparent on their financial position and risk. Hence it shows more holistic approach in comparison to Solvency I. Who should comply to Basel III The Basel accords are a range of mutual agreements that are voluntarily given by various global banking authorities. The countries which have signed these agreements would have set it as a common standard. However, some countries which are not the member state may also implement these policies. Besides, in United States of America, the government set the Basel II as a mandatory standard for banks. The banks which have a higher-risk profiles are instead imposed higher and stricter standard under the same accords. Next, Basel III required banks must keep a minimum common equity of 7% of their assets and this percentage covers a capital conservation buffer of 2. %. The countries which have approved Basel III must impose and put the standard. Who should comply Solvency II Solvency II is needed for all the insurance companies and financial institution. Solvency II’s regulation will be control by the respective financial supervisor. Besides, the best practice for insurers is to embed qualitative and quantitative risk management throughout their organization. A process-based risk approach is the be st foundation for risk management of market, credit, liquidity, insurance and all operational risks. Solvency II regulates companies according to the risk inherent in the business. Every company must define that the risk profile is in line with the appropriate governance and risk management processes to meet this risk. Why Basel III is needed? Basel III is needed because it strengthens bank capital requirements by introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. It help the Bank directors to know the market liquidity conditions for major asset holdings and strengthen accountability for any major losses. Why Solvency II is needed? Solvency II is needed because it can supervise the insurance company and strengthen the power of group supervisor, in order to ensure the wide risks of the group are not overlooked. By having Solvency II, a greater cooperation between supervisors can be made. Besides, Solvency II plays an active role in the development in insurance, risk management, and financial reporting. Objective for Basel III There are three objective of Basel III. Firstly, Basel III enhance the ability of banking sectors in handle stress that arise during financial crisis and economic strain. Secondly, Basel III used to improve risk management and also its governance. Lastly, Basel III reinforces the transparency and exposure of the banks. Objective for Solvency II These are some objectives for Solvency II. Firstly, it improved consumer protection by standardized level of policyholder protection in EU. Secondly, Solvency II transfers compliance in supervise into making evaluation on insurers’ risk profiles and the quality of their risk management and also their controlling systems. Lastly, Solvency II used to raise the international competitiveness of EU insurers. What are the challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II? The challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II is there is a mutual relationship between the new capital and the liquidity rules for bank and insurance companies that set by Basel III and Solvency II. Besides that, Solvency II had changed the way of allocate the capital for insurance companies. In example, fair value will be calculated by the risk that insurer take on their investing activities. Solvency II also offered a privileged treatment to bond with short tenure. It impress stricter capital requirement for bond that determined by the investment’s maturity, and credit rating due to the volatility of investment. Lastly, there is an inverse relationship between Basel III and Solvency II. Basel III requires all the financial institution to establish more stable, long term source of funding. In example, Basel III require bank to place their funding in a more stable and long term investment, means they will issue more long term bond. While for the Solvency II, the regulation gives shorter preferential treatment to the bank bond. ?

Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizations - Essay Example Where a mechanistic organization focuses on the parts that make the whole, organic organizations focus on the whole itself. With less focus on hierarchy and more concern with across-the-board contribution to a common concern, organic organizations tend to be much more collaborative. I think the dynamic nature of today’s markets will favor the organic organization over the mechanistic, and that the organic form will be the predominant form in the 21st Century. 2. Discuss generic organizational design including defender, prospector, analyzer, and reactor organizations. Offer examples of the different organizations where you have worked that adopted these designs. Which type do you believe would best fit a criminal justice organization, and why? The generic organizational design theory sets forth four broad categories to describe the nature of a company. The â€Å"defender† has more of an institutional relationship to a market or community as it uses its organizational control to ensure efficiency of production and distribution. Examples of this type of organization include McDonalds, IBM, or other standardized manufacturers. The â€Å"prospector† organization, as the name implies, is focused upon the identification of new opportunities and finding ways to take advantage of them. Their operations tend to be less standardizes, more diverse, and multi-process oriented. Probably any and all of the Dotcoms would be considered in the prospector category. â€Å"Analyzer† organizations tend to bridge the concepts of the defender and prospector; developing new opportunities at the institutional level while maintaining a traditional base approach to customers and products. The analyzer organization tends to comb ine standardized and innovative elements into efficiency and stability. I think the LAPD is the best example of this type of